The "black death" means bubonic plague. Bubonic plague caused a serious epidemic more than once in Europe. In the Middle Ages it killed more than half the population of some countries. Researchers now believe that it was carried on ships, going from one country to another. The ships carried rats. The rats had fleas. The fleas bit people. The people got sick, ans many of them died.
Bubonic plague was called the black death because infected people got purple or black spots on them. In modern times we are not used to the idea of an epidemic, but people once died in great numbers from contagious diseases.
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